Talk:Homs Massacres

Incident Scope
What counts as a massacre worth covering? So far as the one doing the page, I've been liberal. The geographic scope is narrow enough to consider alleged massacres, sectarian killings done even with car bombs, episodes of mass killing of (I don't know, two or more?) especially those with high death tolls, dead children or whole families, and alleged shelling episodes with suspiciously high or lopsided death tolls suggesting it's really a massacre at work. --Caustic Logic (talk) 05:25, 23 December 2013 (UTC)

Geographic Scope
If this page is about Homs Massacres, and we've considered what's a massacre, the other part is what do we consider Homs? Below, I explain what I decided on. Further below, is the area map that just shows it - the yellow-shaded area. --Caustic Logic (talk) 05:25, 23 December 2013 (UTC)

The scope is negotiable. It could include all Homs province (which stretches way back into big areas where relatively little happens), or any of these more core areas: Houla, Qusayr, Rastan, Talbiseh, al-Ghanto, etc. I say Houla has a page, Qusayr has a page, and Rastan/Talbiseh could. Hama clearly could use its own place, perhaps including Rastan et al. This could get big enough just on Homs city, immediate suburbs, etc. The Abel massacre should be included, despite being between Homs and Qusayr orbits, since Baba Amr was emptied the day before and that's likely where the killers came from. Spots to the east not in anyone else's orbit could be included; I think that might cover Maksar al-Husn - nah, too far out, unless we can connect it to militants from Homs. Different thoughts welcome. --Caustic Logic (talk) 07:45, 30 November 2013 (UTC)

Manner of inclusion: general timeline with entries, links in most cases (depending how many entries we finally have). Most links for now will be to pages, but a lot of smaller massacres will need space short of a page, which will be a section on this page.--Caustic Logic (talk) 07:45, 30 November 2013 (UTC)

This might be a stupid page, best dome as one thread of the Homs answer to Life in Liberated Qusayr. Can be made mobile in time, so no big rush to judgment I suppose. Still a good spot to work out the massacres and a few related issues. --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:25, 4 December 2013 (UTC)

I've decided Rastan is too far off, too much in Hama's orbit, and too big with an orbit of its own, to include here. But at least up to and probably including Talbiseh should be included, certainly Ghanto, Jabourin, etc. Hama and Rastan and surroundings should get their own page in time, which could get huge. Idlib's page too will be insane if it ever happens and gets filled-in. --Caustic Logic (talk) 06:01, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

Suggested Massacres to Work In
(formerly the unneeded copy of "full timeline")


 * Late December, 2011 "Baba Amr Massacre" - In the days before and during a long-sought visit by the Arab League's observers to the rebel hotbed starting December 27, regime forces in and around the (rebel-held?) district went on a spree of Shabiha in-home executions and strange shelling. It's not yet clear who this does or should include, and who killed them, but there was in Baba Amr in those days a "sheikh" killed in fromt of a mosque, a former local head of the Ba'ath party and his wife, a little boy shot by "regime's forces" slapped across the hood of the Arab League's truck, and quite a few others, seem collectively worth a look. (section forthcoming) --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:33, 13 December 2013 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure this counts. Will see when I look into it again. --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:03, 19 December 2013 (UTC)


 * March 1, 2012: Sultaniya massacre. Apparently another 26 adult male victims "from" Baba Amr were murdered by whoever in Sultaniya, just south of there (closer even than Abel, where 68 adult males were executed three days before). Listed as a mix of shelling and field executions, they are strictly men, of only a few families, some with several members. Again, this is just south of Baba Amr, just as rebels and anything they brought (like hostages) fled from there, to the south. Some seem to be frequent maybe-Alawite names, some are known Alawites. Consider is Melhem, likely all related to Homs-based national parliament member Wael Melhem. Three of their men were killed in this massacre, two of those being the only ones not documented by VDC at the time but only, with photos, in late June, 2013. (yes, I already put it together to that degree, but explaining that back out w/formatting will wait) --Caustic Logic (talk) 10:58, 20 December 2013 (UTC)
 * See below the first work on this:


 * March 6, 2012: Sabouh family Massacre: 17 members in two families/household, aged from 85 down to one, killed in/near Baba Amr, they say. Syrian Shuhada's records show 17 "Sboh" killed in "Neighborhood of Death: groves Baba Amr ... massacre that left 17 martyrs of Al Sabouh." VDC lists only 20 Homs martyrs including these 17. Missing between the two: 4 more members of Alzaby/al-Zoubi family at Shuhada but not VDC; one Mahmoud Zoubi died alongside six Sabouhs a week earlier in the Sultaniya Massacre.


 * April 2, Deir Baalba. 13 killed. An image re-cycled for the recent Adra Massacre was already run in April 2012 with this article (French, derived from a SANA report] translated:
 * Homs / A terrorist group has carried out a massacre against number of citizens in a previously removed farm in the district of Deir Baalbé in Homs.The terrorists committed their crime with composure before mutilating the bodies of victims in the farm that has been transformed into a place of torture, where authorities found sharp metal tools and chemicals to make explosives.

The still image testifies to only six victims, looking intact, laid head first in the corner of a room. Rebel records claimed 13 were killed by intense shelling. LCC summary, April 2:
 * A horrific and terrifying massacre was confirmed in Deir B’alba on Monday, in which the regime’s forces used heavy artillery against the residents, killing and wounding many of them, including children. The wounded are in very critical condition. This footage is of the dead and wounded immediately after the attack. One of the men’s legs are blown off and he is breathing his last breaths while residents try to revive him and treat the other wounded residents in cars, because there is no way to get to a hospital
 * Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iwndmg7Q0Rc
 * Homs: 13 martyrs fell due to the violent shelling on Deir Baalba neighborhood, and 2 houses were destroyed. A large number of people are escaping the area.


 * April 2 hospital finds: LCC summary, April 2: "Homs: 75 unidentified corpses were found in the refrigerator of the National Hospital after the FSA captured it. " By whom and how is stated this time (as opposed to May 4/5). It doesn't help. The FSA captured the National Hospital? The nature of how might be testified by the 75 bodies they failed to identify, which were just found there. --Caustic Logic (talk) 15:01, 28 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Same batch VDC recorded in May? Seems not. They specify at least one of these, found April 3 (checking April 1-3): 17-year-old Yehia Ahmad Alahmad of Wa'er. Killed by detention-torture ... "in the cellars of the Syrian intelligence, when he arrested a month before being found dead in a military hospital refrigerators." That would be early March. They seem to have missed about 75 others, unless I'm missing them. --Caustic Logic (talk) 23:32, 28 December 2013 (UTC)


 * I haven't made as much effort to find anything from the second half of 2012. But, while there aren't any famous enough I already know them, or saw them on the Wikipedia massacres page, it's sure there are a few worth adding when they become known. --Caustic Logic (talk) 01:12, 16 December 2013 (UTC)


 * Sept. 26, 2012: September 26, the Deadliest Day, nickel-and-dime massacres coordinated nationwide to produce the biggest death toll yet. Homs had its share, a spike but not a huge one. 35 dead total. Two Shurbaji men and a Sabouh, killed in Jobar. Otherwise, 18 more adult males, field executed in al-Bayada, and swiftly handed over to opposition media. VDC list. Names: Allawi, al-Farran, al-Tahhan, Hamid, Ahmad, and five unidentified. --Caustic Logic (talk) 15:01, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

Homs Massacres Outside Homs

 * December 8-9, 2013: Darwish-al-Faeouri Family Massacre, 10 victims. An unusual case, ten relatives from Deir Baalba, Homs, moved somehow to the Damascus area, are killed there - around Nabk, as rebels and the government clashed there - in Decmeber 2013. On December 8, four adult men were killed by "shelling" in "Damascus Suburbs: Nabk." Described as "FSA," they apparently came to fight, but quite possibly not. Their last names all are al-Saleh al-Faeouri. Then, 6 members killed Dec. 9 by "shooting" somewhere in "Damascus suburbs." Same basic area, four adult females and two adult males, all named al-Darweesh al-Faeouri except one woman named al-Afnan al-Faeouri. Darwish has been of interest. That's an unusual pattern, but meshes with the previous day's to suggest 4 husband-wife sets and two single men, all coming to fight or to be there for the fighters. Maybe the children were sent somewhere safer yet after running to Nabk but before their demise there.


 * December 27, 2013: SOHR Facebook, December 26
 * An internally displaced family of four (husband, wife and their daughter and the wife's sister) from Homs were killed overnight in the town of al-Nabek. Activists accused regime forces of killing them and burning their bodies. A rebel leader was killed in the eastern Ghouta clashes. Clashes continue in Adra between ISIS and regime forces, supported by Hizbullah and other militia.

The family is unnamed. VDC doesn't show any such family from Homs of any one name dying in the days Dec. 24-27. It shows Nine martyrs from the non-existent province: Homs, area: Nabk, killed Dec. 27 by shooting - all adult males. The one man's wife, daughter, and sister-in-law - if he's even one of these - are not listed with him. How many have unlisted family? Hopefully none ... Here the only common name is Aloush, repeated twice, which has appeared in the Homs Massacres. No others appear familiar excepty al-Abd - this means little either way. These nine men sound possibly more like part of the ambushed rebels Syria boasted of killing "dozens" of the same day. One Aloush at least explains "Several civilians martyred in an ambush made by regime's forces during their displacement from Nabk city." Tried checking Syrian Shuhada, but they don't have info this recent. The LCC is back to posting daily updates for December on its site, but is 12 days behind, with the most recent being the 16th. More clarification needed here. --Caustic Logic (talk) 03:42, 29 December 2013 (UTC)

Specific Events
Those needing space to explore, with No Dedicated Page, and not yet ready to include on the front page, will be explored in sub-sections below, listed in chronological order.

Al-Assi River Massacre, Sept. 2011
September 24, 2011 (app.) This incident deserves a little space here. First, consider from Syria News - September 24, 2011 (Warning: Graphic Videos) the video (09-24-11) Al-Qusayr | Homs | (GRAPHIC) Massacre of Homs: Bodies in AlAssi River. (analysis needed, quantification of clues, etc. - could be placed) Al-Assi seems to be the main river running through the Green Belt of Homs, flowing north from the Mount Hermel area. Qusayr is specified, but it could be elsewhere. There is blood of executions at a small building, remains buried in shallow earth, removed clothing and shoes for at least a few victims, blood smears on the concrete, and faintly bodies under the water can be seen. Not loating on the surface yet? --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:05, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

Next, same day report, the video above is (09.25.2011) Homs | Martyr Safa Ghassan and signs of torture. It's not mentioned, but he visibly looks pulled out of a river, bleached white and water-logged skin, naked - dumped after receiving some nasty torture - dozens of holes all over his chest, sides, and one little hole each at the collarbone and lower neck. These are likely worsened by submersion in water (with its microbes and larger flesh-nibblers) but probably predate that. His right eye is perhaps removed under closed and flat lids, either by some fish, or some tormentors. Forehead injuries like from a rifle butt. Right hand sliced and maybe crushed, now puffing up black with decay. This man gets an entry at the VDC as a martyr, with a link to a different posting of this video, a fuller name - Safa Ghassan Tawakol - and a location, Bab Dreib, Homs. Martyrdom location, blank. Cause, shooting, 9/25. Plus there's quite the photo of the man, which doesn't look civilian except technically. Paramilitary - camo pants, khaffiyeh, gunner's vest, automatic rifle and that look. He's posing sternly, but in a living room. He seems prepare to fight the terrorists of Homs as a neighborhood Shabih, or for that matter like a rebel fighter, but he's listed as neither. Note that Safa is usually a woman's name. Having a woman's name is sometimes a Christian thing around Homs (see Sari Saoud, Maya Nasser). Christians in Bab Dreib don't usually side with the rebels. --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:05, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

A river is not mentioned in Safa's entry, but he's apparently one of the bodies removed, apparently on 9/25 as recorded, and that given as death date. But it said bodies, plural. How many others were buried in the river and who were they? The helpful visuals stop there but I'm able to venture a guess of at least five others, and maybe 11 or more, for a total of 6-12. Martyrs (usually meaning killed by the "regime") offers five more possible companions: Detention - Torture Age 45. Notes: "arrested 23 sept. 2011 : martyrdom after torture"
 * Ahmad Sultan El Rahal Civilian - Homs Talbesieh 2011-09-25

2011-09-25, Detention - Torture. Notes: "arrested 18 august. 2011 : died under torture Given back to his family today"
 * Abdel Moin El Mokahal, Non-Civilian (Rank: Recruit). From Homs: Deir Baalabeh


 * Mohamed El Shiar, Civilian. Homs: Khedr. Died 2011-09-25, Shooting. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWy6GnlJwKk (no longer available)


 * Moatez El Shiar, Civilian. Homs, Bab Al Sebaa. 2011-09-25, Shooting

Video of the martyr: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoO4Tpa3eIA (funeral)
 * Iyad Mohamed Bacchar Allouch, Non-Civilian (Rank: Recruit) from Homs: Khaledeyeh. Died 2011-09-24, Shooting. Martyrdom location:Homs: Qosair Notes: executed because he refused to fire on demonstrators

Note that two of these are actual military members. If we take the same pulled from the river date Safa was given as date of death, and check regime fatalities (suaully meaning killed by rebels) database, we get an interesting result. Sept. 25, nationwide, regime fatalities = 6 only, and apparently five of them were in Homs. Cited articles: http://syriamoi.gov.sy/new/index.php?req=552&cat=73 (dead) - http://drshadinasser.blogspot.de/2012/05/blog-post_3 Safa's Shabih commander?
 * Alfat Wajeh Naser: From Suweida, no details on location, likely unrelated
 * Adnan Mohammad Abd al-Kareem: killed somewhere in Homs, from Homs, Warrant Officer First Class
 * Ahmad Sha'ban Mahmoud: killed in Homs: Jeb al-Jandali 9/25 Warrant Officer Third Class
 * Ma'in Ahmad al-Salih: Killed in Homs - Baba Amre neighborhood 9/25 Policeman. Notes: "Personnel of Political Security Branch in Homs."
 * Muhammad Hassan al-Hoash Martyrdom location Homs - Baba Amre Rank Soldier. Notes: "Personnel of Political Security Branch in Homs"
 * Hassan Ali Eid: especially this guy. Age: 50. Area: Zahraa (largely Alawite, I hear). "Occupation: Head of" (redacted?) Rank: Civilian. Was he


 * And another at least: One victims marked "Personnel of Criminal Security Department in Qousair" was also killed on al-Qousair-Arjoun road Sept. 24. And again, Qusair was originally cited.

Best guess - 6-7 bodies at least, these five-six regime guys, Safa, and then whichever other tortured civilians were dumped in the river like him, alongside these unfortunate representatives of security in Homs. --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:05, 15 December 2013 (UTC)

Jinyat Family Massacre
Some notes: I've considered the Kamar Hamad video(s) perhaps the single most hideous thing I've seen yet, and as I originally noted here"don't even want to link to it," but of course the LCC post I cited has the video embedded right there, ready to accidentally hit play. So I can't hide it, so long as Youtube finds it fit to keep up what I hope no one considers any kind of porn. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:19, 19 December 2013 (UTC)

One guess with basis but high chance of being wrong: Mr. Jinyat was a wealthy businessman who ran the shoe factory nearby, was okay with the government and didn't support the rebels. He was slaughtered along with his two wives, daughter, son, and sister-in-law and niece (taken in after his brother was killed). Oh, and they were robbed along the way of everything valuable and portable. Surplus wives/widows and maybe the pre-teen were put in that category. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:07, 16 December 2013 (UTC)

Halmouz and Ter-Maalleh Massacres
May 5, 2012, Ter Malla and Halmouz, near Talbiseh
 * LCC: Syria News - May 5, 2012 (Warning: Graphic Videos)
 * Video: "Martyrs of Halmouz and Teir Maalleh Massacres"
 * Homs: The northern countryside; Halmouz town: A mortar hit Halmouz town from the pro-regime town Jaboureen. Three individuals have been martyred immediately and they were displaced people from Karm Al Zaytoun. An injured man is in a critical situation. 

The bodies shown are charred. Ter Malea is just north of Duveir, Jabourin (placed for the bus attack, see below) is near Halmouz: a graphic video says "Syria, Halmouz +18 A mortar hit Halmouz town from the pro-Assad town Jaboureen. 5-5-2012" So it must be further north, closer to Talbiseh. It's all Homs area, close enough Khalidiya residents in numbers fled the violence there, only to have it quickly track them down anyway.--Caustic Logic (talk) 06:01, 9 December 2013 (UTC)

Two others from May 5, not part of this massacres list are from "Teir Maalle" - Zakaria Mahdy Al-Rayes and Ahmad Joukhdar, age 29, shelled in al-Ghanto. The latter is sometimes an Alawite name - one "Jpkhdar" was shot at a rebel checkpoint "by accident." Listed as "regime forces." So apparently these are not the same -

Jabourin Bus Attack
September 19, 2013, near Homs and Talbiseh

19 people, most or all civilian and mosr or all Alawite, were killed when terrorists detonated a roadside bomb nest to two buses transporting people to the Alawite village of Jabourin, just north of Homs. Location: Ard al Jabburin on Wikimapia - right by Talbiseh, near the arbitrary cut-off line between Homs and Rastan orbits. Reuters reported "A roadside bomb killed at least 14 members of President Bashar al-Assad's minority Alawite on Thursday ... The blast targeted two buses near the Alawite village of Jabourin, 13 km (8 miles) north of Homs city, said Rami Abdelrahman, head of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. ... Citing a source in a local military hospital, Abdelrahman told Reuters that nine of the victims in Thursday's explosion were civilians while the others may have belonged to the National Defence Forces, a loyalist paramilitary group. He said that clashes broke out between rebel fighters and members of the NDF after the explosion.'' An AP report said "A Syrian official says a roadside bomb has targeted a bus in the country's central province, killing 19 people. The official at the governor's office in Homs province says Thursday's explosion in the village of Jbourin also wounded four people on the bus. He spoke on condition of anonymity in line with regulations. The village is predominantly Alawite, a minority sect to which President Bashar Assad belongs, but it also has Christians and Sunnis. It was not immediately clear why the bus was targeted.''

Sultaniya Massacre Special Workspace
This March 1 (or Feb. 29?) mid-sized massacre (app. 30 victims, all men) seems to warrant extra scrutiny, especially with an eye to establishing victim family patterns ...it's one of the few spots Mando shows up. I was half-tempted to make a page, but w have too many (I plan to collapse the Tellawi massacre into a section). But this one deserves a regular section (later) and extra explaining space. The actual workspace is more on my computer, don't worry. This is more a showing-the-work space. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:28, 26 December 2013 (UTC)

Victims Table
To even set a death toll, or largest list of provided, non-duplicate names, I think we need a table. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:36, 26 December 2013 (UTC)
 * For each column, the number is the victim's entry number there, to show which were documnented at the time (lower #) vs. later. Additions were running up to mid-2013, and may still be incomplete. CDV's "cause of death: field execution" is here shortened to executed. Some analysis is at the end of the table. --Caustic Logic (talk) 08:03, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

An exact tally is prevented by confused entries in two areas: Among those named Suleiman are only two distinct names but three ages given. So there's a possibility of as few as two victims plus some goof-ups, up to four victims recorded in a fragmentary way. Melhem, on the other hand, has six distinct names. It could be as few as four men, with three recorded under two different names each, or two fragmentary records adding up to six. So with these ranges, 2-4 and 4-6, the total number of victims recorded in these opposition sources is a range of 31-35.

Analysis
From the reports and this table, we can see the differences between two main groupings, put forth as, and might well be, two different massacres of 17 and 14-18 victims each. So ... is it one or two? Similarities: Baba Amr-listed adult males of a few families, executed in Baba Amr and/or south of there, where rebels had access, on about the same day. With Baba Amr's rebel brigades, their weapons, hostages, etc. all scattered, offing hostages in two areas at once is more likely than usual, with or without a central order connecting the crimes. But the division into two groups could also be nothing more than a more publicized half of a rebel massacre vs. the other half - and either way for easier labeling, it will all stay under the one name.
 * One set is apparently in Baba Amr, reported by LCC, 17 killed "after the withdrawal of the free Syrian army from Baba Amro," by "shelling" per VDC, a "massacre," per LCC, by "thugs ... break[ing] into houses, farming area, and orchards on the outskirts of the neighbourhood,"  or, per Syrian Shuhada, by "slit throat ... at the hands of security." Rebels still got the bodies.
 * Another, more vague pool, is largely noted later, "field executed" per VDC and labeled as "Massacre of the Sultanyieh." 11 martyrs among the larger pool have a variation of the Sultaniya massacre label - all those named Melhem, Suleiman, Ibrahim, Shaqhabi, Mussaitif, or Salem. Syrian Shuhada lists most of these but gives no details. LCC's dispatch made no mention of these victims or a massacre in Sultaniya.

The families of note appear in both sets; Note that the Sabouh family/clan/name took the biggest recorded loss, with a clear six martyrs, in the LCC/shelling half of the or perhaps tied with the Melhems. That family would be hit harder yet just a few days later, with a reported two-family massacre of 17 people in/from Baba Amr, named Sabouh, ranging in age from 85 down to 1. (see below: ) Those named Melhem, generally added late or not at all, seem to be from a prominent Alawite family in Homs with a member in Syria's national parliament, Wael al-Melhem. He's accused of running a Shabiha-type family militia that's behind at least some of the Homs massacres. See below,. As partly explained there, they too continued to take frequent martyrs before and after this event, which seems to be the single deadliest one for them. Suleiman too has a section below, empty now, and others may follow. --Caustic Logic (talk) 08:03, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

The victim Radwan Bittar is one of the several men who died with no family members joining them - in Homs. As for his extended family elsewhere in Syria, it might be notable that a Mohammed Byttar (Syrian Shuhada entry - same Arabic name) died the same day in Latakia, under torture. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:36, 26 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Implication for those less familiar - Latakia relatives suggests Bitar is quite likely an Alawite family, like the Melhems at least. Mr. Bitar is from the other set from them, the more public 17. If Alawites were singled out in both massacres, that would show the value of considering them together like we are.--Caustic Logic (talk) 09:09, 28 December 2013 (UTC)

Family Names
Apologies for all the small, jerky edits here. I've been a bit confused but it matters less as the pages start taking shape. Here's one thing, a helpful spot for cross-massacre and side information on family names that pop up as needing it. --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:56, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Melhem
This is a name I had started paying attention to. An LCC report from early December 2011 (see here) mentioned a factor in the tit-for-tat killings between the Sunni and Alawite communities of Homs "the armed group belonging to a member of Parliament and Wael Al - Melhem." I'm just now piecing together the rest of just why this name matters, suspecting a family militia (alleged if not real) to help explain all the dead Melhems I've been seeing. Was a good search. I was trying to take a break from digging up more massacres for the timeline, but one more popped out of this search (March 1, Sultaniya). --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:14, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Some snippets from a Google search for English sources: "#Homs province, 13-12-2013: This elderly lady, Jamila Melhem (a.k.a. Umm ..." - "Assembly member Wael Melhem called for improving health services in Homs ..." - "...after being delivered toxic materials from parliamentarian Wael Melhem..." There seemed to be little of relevance to my purpose coming through in English, so I tried Arabic, where Arabs speak more freely. It's a pain, I don't dig real deep. But here's enough, Google translated snippets: 29 March 2012, the Syrian Revolution
 * ...arrested system intellectuals opposed to his policies for years long ( 5 to 15 years ), such as Aref Dalila and ... and some of them made ​​their arrest during the revolution , and not without arena of activists Alawites participants in the revolution , most of whom had been arrested some of them did not come out so far , including Dr. Ali Melhem and Dr. Mansour Al-Ali, ...  ... the Alawites ( Mansoor Ali - Mahmoud Issa - Naif Salloum - Ali Melhem - destroyed Solomon ) 
 * (Dr. Ali Melhem seems to be the opposition go-to guy for Alawite issues, an anti-Assad Alawi who penned this widely reposted (Arabic) article: Alawites and Syrian Revolution. The rest of the family doesn't seem to have followed his "lead.") --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:14, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

29 March 2012, the Syrian Revolution
 * - Armed militias :
 * Where they were recruiting many of the militias months of the revolution, such as the militia led by Ramiz Akkari ( عكاري ) a well-known personalities of smuggling arms and drugs , has been used militia to suppress the demonstrations in Bab Sbaa , and there are many other militias led by people trusted by the system , such as organic Parliament Wael Melhem and Firas edging ( هدبة = Hadbah?) and these militias are funded directly by Rami Makhlouf .

The names of the perpetrators of the massacre of the grove (Karm al-Zaytoun - which massacre?) in Homs:
 * 22 Oct 2012 the Syrian Revolution
 * 1) Issa Hassan Ammar
 * 2) Tim Issa Hassan
 * 3) Ismail
 * 4) Ahmad and news (Abu continued)
 * 5) Haitham Darwish
 * 6) Abdul Aziz rox
 * 7) Ngor Mohammed and his brothers
 * 8) Wael Melhem and his brothers

So that's the set-up - Wael and his Alawite family-based militia is behind the slaughter of Sunnis in Homs. Next is where they get the pre-arranged and genocidal revenge. Some of it may have been extracted at Aqrab, Hama province, December 10, 2012 when rebels cleansed the Alawite district and blamed the "Shabiha" victims. A Melhem is blamed alongside the Jubeili men in this Arabic report.
 * But shabeeha and them (Abu Ali Ismail Jubeili) and (just Jubeili) and (Sort S (?) Melhem) and two others are beginning to realize the seriousness out people rushed to kill intermediaries year (Sheikh Ali Age and Sheikh Saado Hammash and retired Colonel Shaker Akash) and killed enthusiasts out by firing squad or throwing bombs Aledioah - as the novel, one of the survivors (or matter), and to shoot free Army elements who control the area and who have gone back to make room in the area for the people out safely and contentment. Then they blew up a gas cylinder ...

I'll scan my partial regime forces VDC list, but the site doesn't let you check by name. There are some on that side. As for martyrs, there are different spellings of the name except in Arabic (aside from errors). So I checked in that and found 66 entries with rightly-spelled ملحم in the name. Not all are even of a same-named family - some (like the oldest entry) have it as a first name. But most of these seem to be murdered members recorded here. Some samples:
 * Most recent: Dec. 12 '13: Jameleh Milhem AF Homs Hosen Castle Martyred by regime forces's gunfire from one of the checkpoints, called Em Faysal Marza https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP2srAwLEa8
 * One in Hama, former military, apparent deserter, or abducted too long to show up for service, but not claimed as defector: Shadi Abdel Elah al-Molhim, civilian, AM, Hama: Lattamna. Date of death: 2013-07-27: Martyrdom location: (blank) Cause of Death: Detention - Torture. Rank: (blank). Notes: It is noteworthy that the martyr refused to attend the mandatory service in the regular army and was arrested a year and a half ago during one of the raids suffered by the city,documented on 27/09/2013 / / / date / inaccurate
 * Most recent Homs child: April 11, '13: Anas Mahmoud al-Moulhem Child-Male, Date of death: 2013-04-11. Martyrdom location: Homs: Qusair: Arjoun. Cause of Death: Shooting. Funeral Procession: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ie87HOz-yi4
 * Rebel-filmed? Authentic Alawite rites? Real family participation? Public notice? I'm pessimistic here. --Caustic Logic (talk)

Notes: "Three bullets in the chest"  Funeral Procession http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2ybJnTB-vA&w=480&h=315 Video of the martyr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=redxJxaKa7o Same details: Ammar al-Molhem (photo, late addition) - Akram Daher al-Melhim (photo, the only one reported at the time of death).
 * Earliest Melhem martyrs: Issa Abdel Khaleq Al Melhem AM, civilian, age 65. From Daraa: Hara. Died 2011-11-18, by shooting. Notes: "killed while leaving the mosque after friday prayer" Video of the martyr: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBWu0AethYE Video of the martyr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O77ncyutIV4 Video of the martyr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqIp8z2AB8E Video of the martyr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55Uk8U4ZAys
 * Essa Abdul Rahman Al-Melhem from Idlib, Ma'arat al-Nu'man, AM civilian, killed 2012-2-21.
 * March 1, 2012 - three at once in the Sulataniya Massacre: Izzo Hussain al-Melhim (photo) Baba Amr Date of death 2012-03-01 Cause of Death Field Execution. Notes: Sultanieh massacre. documented in 26/06/2013.

More suggestive groupings like that x3 incident suggest more of the same for the Melhems on that list of 66: March 26 two killed, May 15 x 2,  2 more June 9 and 10, July 23 x 2, Dec 15 x2, two more on Dec 28 and 29, and another 2 on March 27, 2013. (some details later) --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:14, 20 December 2013 (UTC)

Mando
This family is/will be mentioned prominently in at least two massacres covered here:
 * April 5 Baba Amr and Houla
 * what I'll call "February 29, Sebil?"

Further Mando Deaths (potentially related, not to be moved))
 * An adult male of the Mando family was among those 100+ civilian males killed in the Khalidiya Massacre by "shelling" on February 3/4.
 * Five Mendos: Three killed in two areas of Homs, Oct. 16 and 17, 2011. In June, 2012, a man in Homs, a woman in Douma, Damascus. The name does appear among martyrs, including rebel fighters, from Douma.
 * 32 martyrs named Mando, Mandou, and Mandow (plus 12 unrelated names, mostly an ill-fated Hamandoush one in Aleppo). From this:
 * Saber Mando was one of the few people killed by the alleged December 23, 2012 chemical attack in Homs. Another Mando, who'd been kidnapped, was executed eight days later.
 * Three Mandos, two women and a man, died in Zamalka from the Aug. 21 gas attack. Otherwise the name does not comes up connected with Zamalka.
 * I checked, especially in Zamalka, for other frequent Homs massacre names and saw few contenders. No broader pattern plus the area difference makes me I think this is a coincidence. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:07, 18 December 2013 (UTC)


 * Two in Inshaat, Homs, killed by shelling on Oct. 10 and 22, 2013.
 * A man in Dablan, Homs blown up by an "explosive device" the other day, Dec. 13 2013.--Caustic Logic (talk) 12:56, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Darwish
This is a name I think will be trickier than some to map out usefully. It's either a common name or just common among those killed. I think it means the same as dervish, and seems to have victims all across Syria. Along with Melhems, there is a Haitham Darwish connected to Homs and blamed in part for "the massacre of the grove (Karm al-Zaytoun) in Homs source (Arabic)] There was a [Homs Massacres#Darwish Family Massacre|Darwish family - father, mother, son, and three daughters - massacred on/before Feb. 27, 2012. There is at least one Alawite Darwish family of some size that's from Latakia, losing several members dead or captive in the August, 2013 Latakia Massacres. And there are lots of Darwishes, men, soldiers, families and single children, who wind up dead in the LCC and VDC databses from various causes countrywide. It's not clear to me what real connections there are between all these but it's another name worth some space at least. --Caustic Logic (talk) 02:11, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

Suleiman
(forthcoming)

Sabouh
Sabouh =صبوح All w/Homs = 43. 6 say military - عسكري which seems to mean rebel or proper military, if the latter is listed here (I'm not sure). In these cases, it seems to mean rebel Sabouhs, of the non-Salafist, once-military/paramilitary, maybe-still, shady "FSA" defector-turned-corpse - two appear in the Dec. 1 and Aug. 3 entries below. --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:36, 26 December 2013 (UTC)
 * Arabic list: http://syrianshuhada.com/?a=la&p=lastname&v=صبوح
 * English: http://syrianshuhada.com/?lang=en&a=la&p=lastname&v=صبوح

From that, Homs Sabouh death dates of note, with number of martyrs: and Barya Ibrahim Sabouh, 76. 2013-03-27 -Field Execution - Notes: "A massacre made by the regime`s army in which tens were martyred and their bodies were mutilated, their house also has been burned."
 * Feb 6, 2012 = 1 (earliest)
 * Feb 21 = 3
 * March 1 = 6 ("Sultaniya Massacre")
 * March 6 = 17 (aged 1 to 85) Syrian Shuhada: "Neighborhood of Death: groves Baba Amr ... massacre that left 17 martyrs of Al Sabouh''
 * July 16 = 1 Samer Mohammed Soboh Notes: "displaced from Baba Amr neighborhood in Damascus, was shot dead by troops of the regular army"
 * Sept 26 (with two other men) Hassan Abdulkarim Sabouh (apparently in Jobar) Notes was executed on the ground by the forces of the Syrian army regulars. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck9gz2qHrWQ (laid out with two other dead men, Waleed Shurbaji and Thier Shurbaji
 * Dec 1: apparent rebel fighter? Hossam Sabouh - military - عسكري Notes "from the Champions secret recording of the battalion Huda Brigade right of the people of Homs martyr was the bravest of people were following Brigades Huda (secret recording)" Shown with weapons, paramilitary, no clear colors or badges for either side, but clearly sold as a rebel guy.
 * March 27, 2013 = 3.
 * Syrian Shuhada record - three killed March 31: Wild ( برية ) Ibrahim Sabouh - Female, 76 -Gunshot wound. Abdulkadir Omar Sabouh - Male, 86 - Gunshot wound. Abdulkadir picnic ( عبدالقادر ) Sabouh: Female - 51 -Gunshot wound.
 * VDC record, two killed March 27: Abdelqader Omar Sabouh, 86 -
 * August 3 = 4. Mustafa Abdul-Karim Sabouh, Male, Military - سرى (Ysra?) Abdulwahab Sabouh, female - Razan Mustafa Soboh, Female, age 10 - Susan Mustafa Soboh, female, age 10. All killed "Because of the bombing." VDC lists these too. The father: Moustafa Abdulkareem Sabbouh, listed as FSA (photos may be consistent). Notes: "known as Abo Malek, martyred with his wife and two of his daughters due to shelling by regime's army." Martyrdom location - Lebanon: Ersal. Cause of Death: Warplane shelling

Locations
The following map gives the range of districts in Homs as I could assemble it this early. The borders and labels are all per Wikimapia, some with ssome translation or shift to a spelling I'm using. I'm finding it useful enough to place things I run across, even with different spellings. Some borders left out for readability. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:34, 12 December 2013 (UTC) Color-coding: I felt compelled to color something, even though I don't have enough data yet to make some kind of demographic or protest-density infographic. Red clearly is the rebel hotbed, clearly visible. Purple = the big distruicts, somewhere ion which, the bigger massacres of February and March reportedly happened. Otherwise, blue = district as outlined on Wikimapia (note discontinuous al-Wa'er to the west) and green = outlying village, or green belt, depending. al-Sitteen street is a place cited where bodies were often dumped after murky assassinations. Different and more useful color-coding possible in time. --Caustic Logic (talk) 11:36, 12 December 2013 (UTC)

Broader area map: The are shaded yellow and towns in it should be included here, I think. Surrounding areas with pages in green (Houla) orange (Qusayr) and red (Rastan). --Caustic Logic (talk) 13:58, 13 December 2013 (UTC)

District Demographics

 * ''Moved from Talk:Early December, 2011 Sectarian Killings in Homs, might be moved to the overall Homs page when that's created) --Caustic Logic (talk) 03:28, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

Which district had what kinds of mixes of people at the outset seems hard to pin down. I have a few sources that had word hits I intend to check into. --Caustic Logic (talk) 12:10, 2 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Reuters, June 19, 2012
 * Alawite Dilemma in Homs (PDF)
 * Al-Arabiya, June 19, 2012: [http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/06/19/221503.html Alawite fortress and Sunni wasteland in Syria’s Homs
 * Syrian Observer
 * The neighborhoods of Akrama, Zahra’a, Nouzha and Assabil in Homs are considered loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s regime since most of their residents are Alawite, along with a small number of Sunni and Christian residents. This demographic mix predates the start of the uprising, and a lot of Sunni families left these neighborhoods due to sectarian tension and the precarious security situation. This has also led some Alawite residents to leave and settle in safer areas in the Homs countryside.
 * Fady, 30, an opposition media activist in Homs, says that the bombings he witnessed in Akrama and Zahra’a only constitute a tiny percentage of the regime attacks on the city’s opposition neighborhoods. ... the opposition’s shelling of the pro-regime ares is reactionary and follows a policy based on a balance of fear. “I am against this and I would have wished that some of the factions would not replicate the regime’s behavior,” he said.
 * ...the shelling that targets areas regarded as loyal to the regime affects families from several sects, and includes children who are clearly not thugs assisting the government’s security forces. “Dozens of locally made rockets have fallen on Akrama and Zahra’a and Nouzha on the pretext that they are loyal to the regime,” says Rabih, 25. He points to a house belonging to a Christian family in Akrama that was practically demolished after rockets landed on it. “A whole family was killed here, a father and mother and three children,” he said. “They had no investment in this war, they were not Alawites and were not against the revolution. Their only crime was that they were born in this neighborhood.” Hadeel, 32, a Sunni resident of the Akrama neighborhood, remembered the bombing of a school last May, and said she “hopes it never happens again.”
 * ...the shelling that targets areas regarded as loyal to the regime affects families from several sects, and includes children who are clearly not thugs assisting the government’s security forces. “Dozens of locally made rockets have fallen on Akrama and Zahra’a and Nouzha on the pretext that they are loyal to the regime,” says Rabih, 25. He points to a house belonging to a Christian family in Akrama that was practically demolished after rockets landed on it. “A whole family was killed here, a father and mother and three children,” he said. “They had no investment in this war, they were not Alawites and were not against the revolution. Their only crime was that they were born in this neighborhood.” Hadeel, 32, a Sunni resident of the Akrama neighborhood, remembered the bombing of a school last May, and said she “hopes it never happens again.”
 * ...the shelling that targets areas regarded as loyal to the regime affects families from several sects, and includes children who are clearly not thugs assisting the government’s security forces. “Dozens of locally made rockets have fallen on Akrama and Zahra’a and Nouzha on the pretext that they are loyal to the regime,” says Rabih, 25. He points to a house belonging to a Christian family in Akrama that was practically demolished after rockets landed on it. “A whole family was killed here, a father and mother and three children,” he said. “They had no investment in this war, they were not Alawites and were not against the revolution. Their only crime was that they were born in this neighborhood.” Hadeel, 32, a Sunni resident of the Akrama neighborhood, remembered the bombing of a school last May, and said she “hopes it never happens again.”


 * http://www.irinnews.org/report/98274/analysis-sectarian-violence-triggers-sunni-alawi-segregation-in-syria
 * http://www.npr.org/2012/02/08/146593302/sectarian-violence-rising-in-syria

One main issue is which are "Alawite" districts and which only had some Alawites. Christians and other target groups will matter. But really, this can't prove anything even if we had totally accurate demographic breakdowns. Each victims/family is its own and there can be some Sunnis in an Alawite area and vice-versa. But still, a rough guideline might help. I think this is best handled by district, for those that pop out with specifics. --Caustic Logic (talk) 03:28, 22 December 2013 (UTC)


 * Zahraa: Wikipedia, Siege of Homs states for April 15, 2012 "SANA also reported that terrorists killed 12 civilians in the Alawite, pro-Assad, neighborhood of al-Zahra in what seemed like an FSA attack on the neighborhood." Cited is this CNN report that says no such thing at the moment. The attack will have its section, but the demographics are widely reported the same way. this Wall Street Journal piece (by Sam Dagher) describes "Al- Zahra, an Alawite neighborhood in Homs." Syria Observer lists it as Alawite majority and loyalist, alongside Akrama, Nouzha (Nizha) and Assabil (Sebil, al-Sebil, as-Sebil). NYT June 10, 2012 has "There were also anti-Assad chants in Alawite neighborhoods like Zahra in Homs, like: “Bashar became a Sunni!” (Mr. Assad’s wife, Asma al-Akhras, comes from a prominent family of Sunni Muslims from Homs.)" (??) Al-Arabiya complains, also in June 2012, of Alawite fortress and Sunni wasteland in Syria’s Homs:
 * “We’re always nervous, but we will stay and survive,” says Abu Ali, a 60-year old sitting in his mini market in the Alawite neighborhood of Zahra. “It is the Sunni areas that are empty - at least the ones that asked for ‘freedom’,” he said, referring to districts that backed the mainly Sunni Muslim uprising against Assad. --Caustic Logic (talk) 03:28, 22 December 2013 (UTC)


 * Sebil: AKA as-Sabil, as Assabil it's listed alongside Zahraa, Akrama, and Nouzha as "considered loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s regime since most of their residents are Alawite, along with a small number of Sunni and Christian residents."

Army Presence in Homs
One of my goals here is to lay this timeline of atrocities out side-by-side with the timeline of military presence vs. pull-back in Homs. I've been vague on that. The Wikipedia page plus what I'm reading elsewhere help little. Altogether, so far, there's disagreement in the record as to when the army pulled out, how fully, and for how long. Locals in al-Bayada in late November at the time of the The Killing of Sari Saoud claim there was no army there, then, but that may have been a local pull-back of a case of posts chased away - there was a serious rebel offensive in the preceding days. It seems in early December Syria agreed to pull back from Homs, did so soon after, and by year's end activists and Arab League observers alike agreed there was at least no visual military presence there. Allegations of army this and army that, snipers, incursions, and of course distance shelling, continued all throughout.

Wikipedia's page does note: "On 23 January, a military officer at the main city hospital claimed to foreign journalists that rebels have taken control over two-thirds of the city with army casualties being at 4 to 5 dead and 10 to 50 wounded soldiers and security officials per day." Elsewhere on the page, it specifies "the killing of 10 Syrian Army soldiers at a checkpoint and the capture of 19 by the Free Syrian Army, during the night hours of 3 February and into the early hours of the following day," after which, "on the 30th anniversary of the Hama massacre, government forces began an artillery bombardment of Homs" that included whjat we call the Khalidiya Massacre. When the army allegedly unleashed artillery on Khalidiya on the night of February 3, citizens reported a massive rebel offensive there, blowing up homes and massacring hostages. SANA reported these cries:
 * “Had the army been here, our houses wouldn’t have been shelled and those innocent people wouldn’t have been killed,” said Da’d Darwish from Ikremah neighborhood, sobbing with fear and anger.
 * The citizens called on the Syrian army to enter the city of Homs to protect them from the crimes of the armed terrorist groups that have been killing and abducting citizens and shelling the houses and neighborhoods.

It's not clear just when they came back in on this popular request, but it was by the 28th of February they announced the full re-conquest of Baba Amr, well on the path to re-securing all of Homs. I don't believe they ever did agree to a pull-out of that type, ever again. --Caustic Logic (talk) 14:57, 4 December 2013 (UTC) and --Caustic Logic (talk) 03:20, 22 December 2013 (UTC)