Talk:The Shabiha: Ghost Stories?

Timeline of Shabiha References
Copying over what CE once said at the JREF forum.
 * Checked the Shabiha articles on wikipedia. The oldest one is the Arabic one, from late March 2011. The English one is from August 2011, the German one from December 2011. In Farsi and Turkish people haven't heard about it until early 2012.

The Wikipedia page. Indeed. The vast majority of articles are from June 2012, and none predate the uprising. They almost seem to have not existed before that. Also, as she noted, the famous muscle-bound Shabih shown around in June 2012 is from a million-plus view video posted in April, 2011. Anything predating the rebellion and a reasonable prior planning period anyone finds should be brought here. So far, it seems this ghost army has emerged to explain all the things the rebel forces must not acknowledge as their own work. --Caustic Logic (talk) 06:42, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

Global Post/Toronto Star

 * Hugh Macleod and Annasofie Flamand Global Post, June 15, 2012: Inside Syria’s shabiha death squads
 * An interesting piece. It gives a name for the famous video guy - Areen Al-Assad. Relative? Also an interview in Lattakia with "Abu Jaafar," claiming to be a Shbaih, and giving "a frank and unique insight into the violent, disturbed world of the shabiha, a group that suffers from a dangerous cocktail of religious indoctrination, minority paranoia and smuggler roots." "Frank" and "insight" both suggest honesty. Strangely "candid," this man is. As for the roots, the Shabiha are "named either for the Arabic word for ghosts or the old Mercedes Shahab popular for its smuggling-sized trunk" --Caustic Logic (talk) 06:42, 4 February 2013 (UTC)
 * The massacres in northern Syria, which UN officials, eyewitnesses and Human Rights Watch all concluded were perpetrated mainly by shabiha triggered a wave of international revulsion, with many analysts describing militia as a “Frankenstein” now beyond the control of the president. The regime blamed both massacres on foreign terrorists.
 * “The regime has been spawning militias, as deep down it is a militia pretending to be a state,” said a leading Syria analyst based in Damascus, who asked for anonymity to speak freely. “The Frankenstein is now completely out of control.”
 * [...]
 * “Sunni women are giving birth to babies who will fight us in years to come, so we have the right to fight anyone who can hurt us in the future,” said the Allawite militiaman [...] With his massive, tattooed muscles, shaved head, bushy black beard and trademark white trainers, Abu Jaafar, 38, looks every bit the figure of terror that is now imprinted on the international conscience.
 * [...]
 * ''Though he has a wife and children, after a day lifting weights and drinking some local Arak, Jaafar spends most evenings in the nightclubs of Lattakia [...] “If I get a call from my boss then my whole day is changed,” he said. “When I leave the house, I don’t know when I will be back.”

Packing up the Kalashnikovs, pistols, machine guns and grenades he said were given to him “by the government,” Jaafar joins his gang of 100 shabiha [...] and sets off to crush Sunni Muslim protesters.''
 * [...]
 * Reportedly established by Namir al-Assad, President Hafez al-Assad’s cousin, and Rifaat al-Assad, the late president’s brother, each shabiha gang grew up owing allegiance to a particular member of the extended Assad family.
 * Syria experts say members of the shabiha would be carefully selected for their physical strength, lack of education and blind loyalty to the Allawite sect and the Assad family in particular.
 * By the mid 1990s, however, the shabiha were beginning to get out of control and Hafez al-Assad ordered his elder son and heir apparent Basel, famed for horsemanship and a furious temper, to bring the militias to heel. He did so, but soon after died in a car crash, catapulting his awkward younger brother Bashar into the presidency.
 * Following Basel’s crackdown, Jaafar said he left his gang and opened a liquor store. [...] "Last June, friends from the shabiha asked me to return to work with them,” Jaafar said. “They said we must defend President Assad and his family and keep the power for the Allawite sect.” Soon, Jaafar’s pay of about $20 for a day’s thuggery had risen to a steady monthly salary of about six times the average state wage.
 * “We started by facing the protesters, but when the opposition became armed we attacked them in their villages,” Jaafar said. “In addition to our salaries, we take whatever we can get during the attacks: TVs, video players, electronics.”

Oweis, Reuters, Feb 3

 * Khaled Yacoub Oweis, Reuters, Feb. 3, 2012: Uprising finally hits Syria's "Silk Road" city
 * Oweis puts the start of the uprising in Aleppo at this time (nearly a year in!), and says that the "Shabiha" here were Sunni, not Alawi.--Caustic Logic (talk) 06:42, 4 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Assad loyalist militiamen, known as 'shabbiha', fired at random overnight in the Hananu neighborhood as the refrain "God is great" echoed from houses in defiance of security forces who deployed in the area after growing pro-democracy demonstrations this week.
 * [...]
 * ''Months of relative calm in Aleppo were shattered when shabbiha militiamen killed at least 10 people after pro-democracy demonstrations erupted last week in the city which, together with adjoining towns, has a population of several million people, activists said.

The killings, the deadliest in the city during the 11-month uprising, happened in the tribal Marjeh neighborhood after security forces fired at a rally demanding Assad's removal, they said.
 * ''[...]""
 * Bashar strived to prevent upheaval in the city [...] and was shown frequently on state media with Ahmad Hassoun, the state-appointed Mufti, whom authorities consider to be the highest Muslim religious authority. Hassoun is from Aleppo. His son was assassinated three months ago, with the authorities blaming "terrorists" for the killing. [...] "The difference between Aleppo and the rest of Syria is that Hassoun and the other clerics have remained quiet, and that the shabbiha the regime has recruited are actually Sunnis from the city, not Alawites," one businessman in the city said.

Some activists said those killed were all demonstrators while others said most were killed in clashes that followed the shooting on the protest.

Keller, Guardian
Peter Keller (a pseudonym for a journalist who has worked in Syria), The Guardian, May 31, 2012: Ghosts of Syria: diehard militias who kill in the name of Assad
 * This is a long and detailed article piecing together what activists said about the secret system and financing behind their boogeymen. Both Alawite and co-opted Sunni businessmen are involved, especially certain car dealers, and some with embarrassing links to foreign companies. The standard chronology is there -a smuggling gang in the 70s, suddenly repressing and slaughtering in 2011/12/13. Between is mentioned the 80s, when Hafez Al-Assad moved a lot of poor Alawites into cities in Lattakia, fed and bribed them, and the 2000s period of "half-baked attempts at economic renewal." Here. foreign companies got embarrassing links they can set right by helping the rebels. ("one Damascus opposition activist presented a Guardian journalist with a list of the main business benefactors of the shabiha") And in 2011 Bashar called in the return payment, shooting people at protests and funerals, unseen on rooftops of course. --Caustic Logic (talk) 13:01, 3 February 2013 (UTC)
 * But it was amid the chaos and sectarian tensions of revolutionary Homs that the shabiha really came into their thuggish own. Mohammed, a veteran and respected moderate opposition activist in the city whom the Guardian met in February, said the shabiha in Homs accompany the Syrian army on raids and at checkpoints, but appear to have their own leadership and command structure – and take orders from unknown officials elsewhere.


 * When soldiers storm a rebel area or move in to search it, the shabiha arrive with them, sometimes on buses, to terrorise and steal from the local, largely Sunni population.


 * "They dress in black, or alike in army khakis, but wear a yellow ribbon on their shoulder," Mohammed told the Guardian on Monday. On 13 May, according to Mohammed, the shabiha moved into his area of al-Shammas, formerly a relatively peaceable Homs neighbourhood, and perpetrated a massacre there; he doesn't know how many were killed.
 * [...]
 * As their numbers have grown and hundreds of thousands of Homs residents have fled the city, the growing ranks of shabiha have moved in to colonise whole neighbourhoods and steal goods and furniture from empty houses. "They're vultures," said Mohammed. "They leave nothing behind."


 * Rami named two mid-level businessmen, one an Alawite living in the al-Qosair area of Homs, the other a Sunni living in Damascus, who he believes sponsor all the work of the shabiha in Homs. They work in conjunction with the head of security intelligence in the city, he said, who hires out his own men as shabiha or procures unemployed locals for the job.


 * None of this information is possible to verify, and Syrians are convinced that every successful businessman must somehow have sold his soul to the regime.